Hypertext Principle #1

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=95 BGCOLOR="#999999" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="061005f0ermwup.png"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Arial" ><B>Performance Centered Design</B></FONT><B>     </B><B>|     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Performance Centered Design"><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div> back to the start of<B>  </B><A HREF="id113.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hypermedia / Information Engineering Kn"><U><B>Hypermedia / Information Engineering & Knowledge Management</B></U></A><B> </B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" WIDTH="14"><B>  </B><A HREF="id113.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hypermedia / Information Engineering Kn"><U><B><IMG SRC="05e0e0e0.png" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A><B>      </B><A HREF="id166.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="What is hypertext?"><U><B><IMG SRC="05f0e0e0.png" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A><B>  </B><A HREF="id168.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hypertext Principle 2"><U><B><IMG SRC="0600e0e0.png" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=190 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <A HREF="id164.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hypertext and the Performance Zone"><U>Hypertext and the Performance Zone</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id166.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="What is hypertext?"><U>What is hypertext?</U></A></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8bf000000.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Hypertext Principle #1</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id168.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hypertext Principle 2"><U>Hypertext Principle #2</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id169.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hypertext Principle 3"><U>Hypertext Principle #3</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id173.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hypertext Considerations"><U>Hypertext Considerations</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id170.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Appropriateness for Conversion"><U>Appropriateness for Conversion</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id171.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Screen Areas for Hypertexts"><U>Screen Areas for Hypertexts</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id172.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hierarchies"><U>Hierarchies</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id174.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The OED"><U>The OED</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id175.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Conclusions"><U>Conclusions</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id179.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Process for PCD"><U>Process for PCD</U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=385 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> Hypertext Principle #1</div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="14acebe0.png" border=0 width="206" height="190" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="381" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 20 ><NOBR><div> <B>You cannot directly convert text to hypertext.</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Printed material is the stuff of an industry based on ink and paper.  </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Familiar structures - tables on content, indexes, footnotes, and endnotes - are designed for economy of this industry/medium.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">How people find their way around a printed work:</B></div> <div> <I><B>"I flip through the pages back-to-front until I see the weather map or the picture of such-and-such. I know it's just past the middle, on the back side of a page." </B></I></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">They are referring to </B><I><B>artifacts</B></I><B> of the printed work - which may have value as on-line wayfinders. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">They define an </B><I><B>implicit</B></I><B> structure for the user - sometimes referred to as </B><I><B>tacit knowledge</B></I><B>. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Artifacts help us to fine-tune our knowledge of the global structure to find our way in an instance. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">When we analyze entry points we find that they suggest the importance of being able to "see" how much stuff there is, what it's about, and where specific content lies in relation to the whole. </B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="626" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="622"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="622" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 310 WIDTH="622"><div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Readers must have artifacts to make inferences analogous to physical size, shape, and dimensions of the printed work. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f0bf000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Donald Norman notes that our information-based technological world has an inherent problem:</B><B> </B><B>It is invisible. </B></div> <div>        </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="537" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC HEIGHT= 134 WIDTH="531"><div> <I><B>"It is up to the conveyor of the information and knowledge to provide shape, substance, and organization...[via artifacts]." Without appropriate design of artifacts in our virtual domains, Norman says, "...our tools will continue to frustrate, to confuse more than clarify, and to get in the way rather than merge with the task. The power of information artifacts is that they provide an unrivaled opportunity to enhance our lives." </B></I></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="622"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="20" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="622" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>